static dynamic binding

call chain and stack frame

scope

Scope
is a program region of maximal size in which no bindings change

Referencing environment
is a set of active bindings at any given point in a program’s execution.

lexical scope

In nested subroutines, bindings of names to objects are resolved by closest nested scope rule

type

type equivalence
type compatibility
type inference

static / dynamic typing

c  = static type
python = dynamic type

type equivalence

structural equi
name equi

type conversion